The Complete Overview of How to Install Wood Shakes
Installing wood shakes is a multi-stage process that begins long before the first board is lifted onto the roof. The foundation—literally—starts with the roof deck, which must be structurally sound, properly ventilated, and free of rot or moisture. Unlike asphalt shingles, shakes require a breathable underlayment to prevent trapped moisture from warping the wood beneath. This is where many DIYers stumble: skipping the underlayment or using the wrong type (e.g., asphalt instead of synthetic or felt) can lead to premature deck deterioration. The next critical step is selecting the right shakes—cedar remains the gold standard for its natural resistance to decay, though redwood and pine are also used. Each type has distinct characteristics: cedar shakes, for instance, are lighter but require more frequent sealing, while redwood offers superior rot resistance but at a higher cost. Understanding these nuances is the first step in **how to install wood shakes** correctly. The actual installation process is a dance of layers and overlaps. Starter strips, counterbatten, and the shakes themselves must be aligned to create a watertight seal while allowing for natural expansion and contraction. A common mistake is over-nailing the shakes, which can split the wood or prevent proper ventilation. Instead, nails should be driven at precise angles—typically 45 degrees through the side of the shake into the counterbatten—to minimize water penetration. The spacing between courses (usually 3/8" to 1/2") is equally critical; too little, and rain will pool; too much, and wind-driven debris can infiltrate. For roofs with steep pitches (6/12 or greater), the process becomes more forgiving, but low-slope installations demand extra caution, often requiring additional underlayment or even a modified installation technique. These details separate a roof that will last decades from one that fails within a few years.Historical Background and Evolution
Wood shakes trace their origins to the Indigenous peoples of North America, who split cedar logs into thin, durable strips for shelter long before European settlers arrived. The technique was later adopted by Scandinavian settlers in the 18th century, who refined it for colder climates. By the 19th century, wood shakes became a staple in American architecture, prized for their insulation properties and ability to withstand harsh weather. The Craftsman movement of the early 20th century cemented their place in residential design, associating shakes with rustic elegance and craftsmanship. However, the mid-20th century saw a shift toward asphalt shingles due to their lower cost and easier installation, pushing shakes to the sidelines—until durability and aesthetic appeal revived their popularity in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Today, **how to install wood shakes** is a blend of old-world techniques and modern innovations. While the basic method remains unchanged—layered courses with staggered seams—advances in wood treatment (e.g., fire-retardant coatings) and underlayment materials have extended their lifespan and reduced maintenance. Historically, shakes were sealed with linseed oil or tung oil, but contemporary products like acrylic sealants offer UV protection and water resistance without the flammability risks of older formulas. The resurgence of shakes also reflects a broader trend toward sustainable building materials, as properly sourced cedar is renewable and biodegradable. Yet, the installation process hasn’t lost its artisanal roots; it still requires a keen eye for alignment, an understanding of wood grain, and respect for the material’s natural limitations.Core Mechanisms: How It Works
The mechanics of **how to install wood shakes** revolve around three principles: water shedding, ventilation, and structural integrity. Water shedding is achieved through the staggered, overlapping courses, which create a labyrinthine path for rain to follow down the roof. Each shake overlaps the one below by at least 1.5 inches, with side laps of 1 inch, ensuring that water is directed to the gutters rather than seeping under the roof. Ventilation is equally critical; a properly installed shake roof includes soffit vents and ridge vents to allow moisture-laden air to escape, preventing condensation that could rot the deck. This is why underlayment—often a synthetic or felt paper—is non-negotiable; it acts as a secondary barrier against leaks while allowing the roof to breathe. Structural integrity hinges on the counterbatten system, which consists of 1x4 or 1x6 boards installed perpendicular to the roof’s slope. These battens create a consistent nailing surface for the shakes and provide the necessary airflow gap between the shakes and the deck. Nails are driven at a 45-degree angle through the side of the shake into the batten, not the face, to avoid splitting the wood and to create a watertight seal. The angle also allows for slight movement of the shakes as they expand and contract with temperature changes. Skipping this step—or using the wrong nail size (typically 10d or 12d ring-shank nails)—can lead to shakes loosening over time, compromising the roof’s performance. These mechanics, honed over centuries, form the backbone of **how to install wood shakes** effectively.Key Benefits and Crucial Impact
Wood shakes are more than just a roofing material; they’re a long-term investment in a home’s durability, energy efficiency, and curb appeal. Unlike asphalt shingles, which degrade under UV exposure within 15–20 years, properly installed wood shakes can last 30–50 years, with some historic examples enduring far longer. Their natural insulation properties also contribute to lower heating and cooling costs, making them a smart choice for climates with extreme temperature swings. Beyond functionality, shakes add a timeless aesthetic that complements everything from coastal cottages to mountain lodges. However, their benefits come with responsibilities: regular maintenance, such as sealing every 3–5 years and replacing damaged shakes promptly, is essential to preserve their integrity. Ignoring these steps can turn a high-performance roof into a liability, especially in regions prone to wildfires or heavy snow loads. The impact of wood shakes extends beyond individual homes. In communities with strict historic preservation guidelines, shakes are often the only roofing material permitted on heritage structures. Their use also supports sustainable forestry practices, as certified cedar and redwood are harvested responsibly. Yet, the most compelling argument for **how to install wood shakes** lies in their adaptability. They can be customized with different grain patterns, stains, or even left natural to blend with the surroundings. For homeowners who value both performance and personality, shakes offer a rare combination of practicality and charm. As one roofing contractor notes, *"Wood shakes don’t just cover a roof—they tell a story. And if installed correctly, that story can last for generations."**"The difference between a good shake roof and a great one isn’t the shakes themselves—it’s the precision in how they’re laid. A half-inch here or there can mean the difference between a roof that lasts and one that leaks."* — **Mark Reynolds, Master Roofer & Historic Preservation Specialist**
Major Advantages
- Longevity: With proper installation and maintenance, wood shakes outlast most synthetic roofing materials by 10–20 years, often exceeding 30 years in ideal conditions.
- Natural Insulation: Cedar and redwood shakes provide superior thermal resistance, reducing energy costs in both hot and cold climates.
- Aesthetic Versatility: Available in various grades (clear, select, common) and finishes (natural, stained, or painted), shakes adapt to any architectural style.
- Fire Resistance (When Treated): Modern fire-retardant coatings meet Class A fire ratings, making them suitable for wildfire-prone areas.
- Environmental Sustainability: Responsibly sourced wood shakes are biodegradable, renewable, and often come from certified forests.
Comparative Analysis
| Wood Shakes | Asphalt Shingles |
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| Metal Roofing | Composite Shakes |
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Future Trends and Innovations
The future of wood shakes lies in hybridization and technology. As climate concerns grow, manufacturers are developing shakes treated with eco-friendly preservatives that enhance rot resistance without toxic chemicals. Fire-retardant treatments are also evolving, with some products now offering Class A ratings without compromising the wood’s natural appearance. Another trend is the integration of solar-ready underlayments, which allow for seamless installation of solar panels without compromising the roof’s integrity. For **how to install wood shakes** in the coming decades, expect to see more pre-treated shakes with built-in UV protection and moisture barriers, reducing the need for frequent sealing. Innovations in installation techniques are also on the horizon. Some contractors are experimenting with adhesive-based systems that supplement traditional nailing, providing extra security in high-wind areas. Smart roofing technologies, such as embedded sensors to monitor moisture levels, could soon become standard for high-end shake installations. Meanwhile, the demand for historically accurate restorations is driving a resurgence in hand-split shakes, though these remain niche due to higher labor costs. As sustainability becomes a priority, the focus will shift toward closed-loop forestry practices, ensuring that every shake installed today contributes to a healthier ecosystem tomorrow.
Conclusion
Mastering **how to install wood shakes** is a blend of respect for tradition and adherence to modern best practices. It’s a process that rewards patience—each course must be aligned, each nail driven with precision, and every seam sealed against the elements. The result isn’t just a roof; it’s a statement of craftsmanship that enhances a home’s value and character. Yet, the work doesn’t end at installation. Regular inspections, prompt repairs, and periodic sealing are the unsung heroes of a long-lasting shake roof. For those willing to invest the time and effort, the rewards are clear: a roof that performs, a home that stands out, and a legacy of durability that few other materials can match. As the roofing industry continues to evolve, wood shakes remain a testament to the enduring appeal of natural materials. They challenge the notion that modern solutions must sacrifice aesthetics for functionality. Whether you’re a contractor restoring a 100-year-old barn or a homeowner installing shakes for the first time, the principles remain the same: prioritize ventilation, respect the material, and never underestimate the power of a well-crafted overlap. In the end, **how to install wood shakes** isn’t just about following steps—it’s about understanding the rhythm of the craft and letting it guide your work.Comprehensive FAQs
Q: Can I install wood shakes over an existing roof?
A: Generally, no. Building codes typically require removing the existing roof down to the deck before installing wood shakes. The added weight of two roofing layers can exceed structural limits, and moisture trapped between layers can cause rot. If your existing roof is in excellent condition, consult a structural engineer before proceeding.
Q: What’s the best time of year to install wood shakes?
A: Ideal conditions are dry, cool weather—spring or fall—when temperatures are between 40°F and 80°F. Avoid installing in extreme heat or cold, as wood expands and contracts, increasing the risk of splitting or warping. Rain within 48 hours of installation can also lead to moisture absorption and premature deterioration.
Q: How often should I seal wood shakes?
A: Cedar shakes should be sealed every 3–5 years with a high-quality acrylic or oil-based sealant. Redwood shakes may require sealing every 5–7 years. Always check the manufacturer’s recommendations, as factors like climate and exposure to UV light can affect frequency. Never skip sealing—it’s the best defense against moisture penetration and UV damage.
Q: Do wood shakes require special underlayment?
A: Yes. A synthetic or felt underlayment rated for wood shake roofs is essential. Asphalt-saturated felt is the most common, but synthetic underlayments (e.g., rubberized asphalt) offer better moisture resistance and longevity. The underlayment should extend at least 2 inches beyond the roof’s edge and be overlapped by the starter strip.
Q: What’s the difference between wood shakes and wood shingles?
A: Wood shakes are hand-split from cedar logs, resulting in thicker, rough-textured planks (typically 1/2" to 3/4" thick). Wood shingles, on the other hand, are sawn from kiln-dried lumber, creating thinner, smoother pieces (about 1/4" to 1/2" thick). Shakes are more durable and better for steep roofs, while shingles are lighter and often used for gentler slopes or decorative accents.
Q: How do I prevent moss and algae growth on wood shakes?
A: Use a copper-based or zinc-based algae-resistant coating during installation or as a maintenance treatment. Ensure proper ventilation to reduce moisture buildup, and trim overhanging branches to limit shade and humidity. Regular cleaning with a soft brush and mild detergent (avoid pressure washing) can also help, but never use bleach, as it can damage the wood.
Q: Are wood shakes fire-resistant?
A: Untreated wood shakes are highly flammable (Class C fire rating). However, modern fire-retardant treatments can elevate them to Class A (the highest rating). Always check local building codes, as some areas mandate fire-resistant roofing. Even treated shakes should be paired with non-combustible underlayment and proper ventilation to minimize fire risks.
Q: Can I install wood shakes myself, or should I hire a pro?
A: While DIY installation is possible for experienced homeowners, wood shakes are a high-skill roofing material. Mistakes—like improper nailing, incorrect overlaps, or poor ventilation—can void warranties and lead to costly repairs. If your roof has a complex design or steep pitch, hiring a licensed roofer with shake installation experience is strongly recommended.
Q: How do I choose the right grade of wood shakes?
A: Shakes are graded based on appearance and defects:
- Clear: Fewest knots, highest quality, best for visible areas.
- Select: Moderate knots, balanced quality and cost.
- Common: More knots and splits, budget-friendly for hidden areas.
Q: What tools are essential for installing wood shakes?
A: The core tools include:
- Roofing nails (10d or 12d ring-shank, galvanized)
- Hammer or nail gun (for precise 45-degree nailing)
- Chalk line (for straight starter strips)
- Roofing shovel (for spreading underlayment)
- Carpenter’s square (for checking alignment)
- Safety gear (harness, gloves, non-slip boots)
- Sealant brush (for applying waterproofing)
